Umshini wokwenza kabusha ipulasitiki uyithuluzi elibalulekile ohlelweni lokuphatha udoti wepulasitiki futhi uwunikeze impilo entsha

1. Isimiso sokusebenza

Ukuhlunga: Isinyathelo sokuqala ekusebenzeni komshini wokwenza kabusha wepulasitiki ukuhlunga. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamapulasitiki zidinga ukuhlukaniswa ngoba zinezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali kanye namaphuzu ancibilikayo. Isibonelo, i-PET (i-polyethylene terephthalate), evame ukusetshenziselwa amabhodlela amanzi, kanye ne-HDPE (i-high - density polyethylene), esetshenziselwa izinto ezifana nezimbiza zobisi, ihlungwa ngezindlela zokuhlunga ngomshini noma optical. Ukuhlunga ngomshini kungase kuhilele izisefo nezinto zokuthutha ukuze kuhlukaniswe amapulasitiki ngosayizi nokuma, kuyilapho ukuhlunga ngokubona kusebenzisa izinzwa ukuze kuhlonzwe amapulasitiki ngokusekelwe ezicini zawo ezibonisa ukukhanya.

I-Shredding: Ngemva kokuhlunga, amapulasitiki ahlukaniswa abe ama-flakes amancane noma izingcezu. Inqubo yokuhlinza inciphisa ubukhulu bemfucumfucu yepulasitiki, okwenza kube lula ukuphatha nokucubungula ngokuqhubekayo. Ama-shredders ngokuvamile anezindwani ezijikelezayo ezisika izinto zepulasitiki zibe izingcezu ezinosayizi ofanayo. Lezi zingcezu zingahluka ngosayizi ukusuka kumamilimitha ambalwa ukuya kumasentimitha ambalwa, kuye ngezidingo zezinqubo ezilandelayo.

Ukugeza nokuhlanza: Izingcezu zepulasitiki ezisihliwe zibe sezigezwa kahle ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola, amalebula, izinto ezinamathelayo nokunye ukungcola. Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile njengoba lokhu kungcola kungathinta ikhwalithi yepulasitiki egaywe kabusha. Ukugeza kuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa amanzi nezihlanzi ochungechungeni lwamathangi noma imishini yokuwasha. Eminye imishini yokugaywa kabusha iphinde isebenzise amandla e-centrifugal ukuze ikhiphe amanzi amaningi ezicucu zepulasitiki ngemva kokugeza.

Ukuncibilika kanye Nokukhipha: Uma sekuhlanzekile, izingcezu zepulasitiki zincibilika ekamelweni lokushisa. Izinga lokushisa lokuncibilika liyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwepulasitiki. Isibonelo, i-PET ivamise ukuncibilika cishe ku-250 - 260°C, kuyilapho i-HDPE incibilika cishe ku-130 - 135°C. Ngemva kokuncibilika, ipulasitiki ikhishwa ngedayizi ukuze kwakheke imikhiqizo emisha njengamapellets, imicu, noma amashidi. Ipulasitiki ekhishiwe ingabunjwa ibe amafomu ahlukene kuye ngezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokugaywa kabusha. Isibonelo, uma inhloso kuwukwenza amabhodlela epulasitiki amasha, ipulasitiki ekhishiwe ingase yakheke ibe amafomu angaphambili amise okwebhodlela.

2. Izinhlobo zemishini yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki

I-Single - screw extruder: Lolu uhlobo olujwayelekile lomshini wokwenza kabusha wepulasitiki. Isebenzisa isikulufu esisodwa esizungezayo ukuze idlulise okokusebenza kwepulasitiki ngendawo yokushisisa nokuncibilika bese iyikhipha. Isikulufu sizungeza ngaphakathi kombhobho, futhi njengoba ipulasitiki ihamba ngesikulufu, siyashisisa kancane kancane futhi sincibilike ngenxa yokushisa okudluliselwa emgqonyeni kanye nokungqubuzana okukhiqizwa ukunyakaza kwesikulufu. I-Single - screw extruder ilula ekwakhiweni futhi ifanele ukucubungula inhlobonhlobo yamapulasitiki.

I-Twin - screw extruder: Njengoba igama liphakamisa, lolu hlobo lomshini lunezikulufu ezimbili ezihlanganisayo. Amawele - ama-screw extruder anikezela ngamakhono angcono okuxuba nokuncibilika uma kuqhathaniswa nama-screw extruder angawodwa. Bangakwazi ukuphatha ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamapulasitiki agaywe kabusha, okuhlanganisa izingxube zezinhlobo ezahlukene zamapulasitiki nezithasiselo. Izikulufu ezimbili zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zixove futhi zixube izinto zepulasitiki, ziqinisekisa ukuncibilika okufana kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi engcono yomkhiqizo ogaywe kabusha.

I-Plastiki Pelletizer: Lo mshini usetshenziswa ngokuqondile ukuguqula ipulasitiki encibilikisiwe futhi ekhishwe ibe ngamapellets. Ama-pellets ayifomu elilungele ukugcina nokuthutha amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha, kanye nokuqhubeka nokucutshungulwa ekukhiqizeni. I-pelletizer isika umucu oqhubekayo wepulasitiki ekhishiwe ibe amapellets amancane, afanayo - anosayizi, ngokuvamile anobubanzi obungamamilimitha ambalwa.

3. Ukubaluleka kwemishini yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki

Izinzuzo zemvelo: Ngokwenza kabusha amapulasitiki, le mishini isiza ukunciphisa inani lemfucuza yepulasitiki egcina isendaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu noma endaweni ezungezile. Amapulastiki angathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola, futhi ukunqwabelana kwawo ezindaweni zemvelo kungabangela ukulimala kwezilwane zasendle kanye nesimiso semvelo. Ukugaywa kabusha kwamapulasitiki ngokusebenzisa le mishini kunciphisa isidingo sokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki engakazalwa, yona egcina izinsiza zemvelo ezifana ne-petroleum, njengoba amapulasitiki amaningi etholakala kuwo.

Izinzuzo zezomnotho: Imboni yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki idala amathuba ezomnotho. Imishini yokugaywa kabusha inika amandla ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zepulasitiki ezigaywe kabusha ezingathengiswa ngenani eliphansi kunamapulasitiki angakaze asetshenziswe kwezinye izimo. Lokhu kungazuzisa abakhiqizi abafuna izindleko - izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza nokugcinwa kahle kwemishini yokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki nakho kuveza amathuba omsebenzi ezindaweni ezifana nokusebenza komshini, ukunakekelwa nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.